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About
the Ukrainian parliamentary elections 2007:
UKRAINE’S
2007 ELECTIONS WILL ALSO DECIDE UKRAINE’S NEXT PRESIDENT
By
Taras Kuzio
Thursday,
August 16, 2007
Ukraine’s
September 30 parliamentary elections will decide the
country’s next government and most likely determine the
outcome of the presidential elections two years later. As seasoned
Zerkalo nedeli commentator Serhiy Rakhmanin pointed out, the
“pre-term parliamentary campaign gives [President Viktor]
Yushchenko a great opportunity to launch the presidential campaign
ahead of time.”
The
conflated election campaigns have led to electoral populism. Yushchenko
and his Our Ukraine-Self Defense (NUNS) coalition have launched a
campaign to remove parliamentary immunity, a campaign issue last raised
by President Leonid Kuchma in an April 2000 referendum. The Party of
Regions, which now dominates parliament, replied by calling for the end
of immunity for all officials – president, prime minister,
judges, and deputies.
These
moves should discourage corrupt oligarchs and businessmen from running
for parliament and help separate business and politics. But the
anti-oligarch election rhetoric does not square with the continued
presence of oligarchs in both the Party of Regions and NUNS. Yuriy
Lutsenko’s People’s Self Defense, Our
Ukraine’s ally in the 2007 elections, was established by an
oligarch, Davyd Zvannia. The Privat oligarchic group, allied to former
senior Yushchenko adviser Oleksandr Tretyakov, has eight
representatives in the NUNS list.
The
leaders of Self-Defense claim to have reformed. Lutsenko admitted,
“Yes. We are the only political force that publicly accepted
its mistakes, including the choice of personnel, and cleaned out and
renewed ourselves.” The party removed businessman Petro
Poroshenko, whose name is associated with the corruption charges that
led to the September 2005 political crisis.
According
to Zerkalo nedeli, the NUNS election list was heavily influenced by
Lutsenko and Ihor Kolomoysky, the controversial head of Privat. Thus
the changes look more like musical chairs than cleaning house.
NUNS
needs to regroup after Our Ukraine’s poor performance in the
2006 elections, when it obtained fewer seats than in 2002. The
coalition also needs reinforcement to compete with the Yulia Tymoshenko
bloc (BYuT), another veteran of the Orange Revolution. Finally, NUNS
needs nation-wide support. Anti-oligarch and anti-corruption sentiment
mobilized many western-central Ukrainians to participate in the Orange
Revolution. These sentiments are not popular among voters in eastern
Ukraine, who have had no qualms about voting for a convicted felon
supported by oligarchs -- Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych.
Yanukovych’s
Party of Regions has always included corrupt and discredited former
Kuchma officials and oligarchs, such as Renat Akhmetov, who has ignored
calls by the president to not run for parliament. Akhmetov ranks
seventh on the Party of Regions election list.
NUNS
has unequivocally stated that its election and future coalition partner
is the BYuT. Senior NUNS leaders have publicly refuted suggestions that
they may enter a coalition with the Party of Regions. Lutsenko has
stated that NUNS would only enter a grand coalition if BYuT also
agreed. Yushchenko has been less clear in his intentions. Following the
2006 elections Yushchenko sent two close allies to separately negotiate
with BYuT and the Party of Regions, a strategy that he may repeat this
year.
The
parliamentary coalition established after the 2007 elections will
heavily influence the outcome of the 2009 elections. With the prime
minister’s position strengthened following constitutional
reforms in 2006, the office is an even better launching pad for the
presidency.
However,
Yushchenko has proven unable to work with two of his three prime
ministers, Yulia Tymoshenko and Yanukovych, because he sees both as
potential competitors for the presidency. Ideally, Yushchenko would
prefer that neither of them become Ukraine’s next prime
minister. The Party of Regions is leading the polls, so the Orange camp
is battling for second place. If NUNS places second, Yushchenko would
likely chose a non-threatening technocrat, such as former prime
minister Yuriy Yekhanurov, for the job.
If
BYuT finishes second, as seems likely, Yushchenko could again be
tempted to negotiate a grand coalition with the Party of Regions. His
only condition would be that Yanukovych not be prime minister.
Yushchenko has reportedly reached such an agreement through Yekhanurov,
who has always been close to the Party of Regions, and presidential
secretariat head Viktor Baloga.
This
scenario poses three risks for Yushchenko.
First,
forcing NUNS into a grand coalition with the Party of Regions might be
more palatable than in 2006, as it would not include the Communists and
Yanukovych would not be prime minister. However, it would split NUNS
and prevent the planned post-election unification of its constituent
members into a pro-presidential party and vehicle for
Yushchenko’s re-election in 2009.
Second,
it would push BYuT into opposition, where it has always felt rather
comfortable. Tymoshenko was the only one of four opposition leaders who
did not stand in the 2004 elections. If Tymoshenko was in opposition in
2007-2009, during which time Yushchenko supported a grand coalition,
the president could lose orange voters.
Third,
the Party of Regions could renege on any agreement to stand aside in
2009, and members could submit their own presidential candidate.
Alternatively, they might find it difficult to persuade their voters to
back Yushchenko, after seven years of hostile propaganda against him.
Yushchenko
is convinced that the 2007 elections are the key to his re-election in
2009. But not repeating the same strategic mistakes made against
Tymoshenko and Yanukovych in 2005-2006 will also play an important part
in deciding Ukraine’s future.
(Zerkalo
nedeli, August 11-17; Inter TV, August 6; Ukrayinska pravda, August 2,
13)
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